Processes for preparing linezolid

ABSTRACT

Processes and intermediates for preparing linezolid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are described herein.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/695,211 filed on Oct. 29, 2012, which is a U.S. national counterpartapplication of international application serial No. PCT/US2011/034278,filed Apr. 28, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication Nos. 61/329,892 filed Apr. 30, 2010, 61/359,851 filed Jun.30, 2010, 61/375,576 filed Aug. 20, 2010, 61/389,534 filed Oct. 4, 2010,and 61/421,442 filed Dec. 9, 2010. The entire disclosures of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/695,211, PCT/US2011/034278, U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Nos. 61/329,892, 61/359,851, 61/375,576, 61/389,534,and 61/421,442 are herein incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention described herein pertains to processes for preparinglinezolid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic used for the treatment of seriousinfections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant toseveral other antibiotics. A member of the oxazolidinone class of drugs,linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that causedisease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE),and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The mainindications of linezolid are infections of the skin and soft tissues andpneumonia (particularly hospital-acquired pneumonia), although off-labeluse for a variety of other infections is becoming popular. Linezolid ismarketed by Pfizer under the trade names Zyvox™ (in the United States,United Kingdom, Australia, and several other countries), Zyvoxid™ (inEurope), and Zyvoxam™ (in Canada and Mexico). The current sales forlinezolid are over one billion US dollars per year and rising in partbecause of its indication for the treatment of many forms of MRSA.Linezolid is quite expensive, as a course of treatment can cost up toseveral thousand U.S. dollars. Much of the high cost of linezolid hasbeen attributed to the expense of its manufacture. Therefore, thedevelopment of new, more economical processes for manufacturinglinezolid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are needed.

Described herein are efficient processes for the preparation oflinezolid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In oneembodiment, the processes described herein include the step of preparingthe oxazolidinone present in linezolid and pharmaceutically acceptablesalts thereof from an oxirane and an isocyanate.

In another alternative aspect, the processes include the step ofpreparing 3-fluoro-4-chloronitrobenzene from 4-chloronitrobenzene andfluorine. In another alternative aspect, the processes include the stepof preparing 3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)nitrobenzene, or a salt thereof,from 3-fluoro-4-halonitrobenzene and morpholine. In another alternativeaspect, the processes include the step of preparing3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)aniline, or a salt thereof, from3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)nitrobenzene and a reducing agent. In anotheralternative aspect, the processes include the step of preparing3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)phenyl isocyanate from3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)aniline and an acylating agent. In anotheralternative aspect, the processes include the step of preparing acompound of the formula

or a salt thereof from 3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)phenyl isocyanate and anoxirane of the formula

where R^(A) is halo or a protected amino group; and R^(B) is halo,amino, or a protected amino group. In another alternative aspect, theprocesses include the step of preparing a compound of the formula

or a salt thereof from

and CH₃C(O)SH.

In another embodiment, described herein are process that proceed in highoverall yield. In another embodiment, described herein are process thatdo not require any purifications using chromatography. In anotherembodiment, described herein are process where the products from eachstep are isolated as solids and/or crystalline solids. In anotherembodiment, described herein are process that proceed with highenantiomeric excess. It is to be understood that the processes describedherein may be performed using and to produce racemic material, oroptically active material of either absolute configuration. It is alsoto be understood that the processes described herein may be routinelyadapted to prepare any of a wide variety of materials having apredetermined enanatiomeric excess or a predetermined range ofenanatiomeric excess.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for preparinglinezolid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the processcomprising a step selected from the group consisting of

(a) mixing 4-chloronitrobenzene with fluorine to prepare3-fluoro-4-chloronitrobenzene;

(b) mixing 3-fluoro-4-halonitrobenzene with morpholine to prepare3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)nitrobenzene, or a salt thereof;

(c) mixing 3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)nitrobenzene with a reducing agentto prepare 3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)aniline, or a salt thereof;

(d) mixing 3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)aniline with an acylating agent toprepare 3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)phenyl isocyanate;

(e) mixing 3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)phenyl isocyanate with an oxirane ofthe formula

to prepare a compound of the formula

or a salt thereof; where R^(A) is halo or a protected amino group; andR^(B) is halo, amino, or a protected amino group; and

(f) mixing a compound of the formula

with CH₃C(O)SH to prepare a compound of the formula

or a salt thereof;

and combinations thereof.

It is to be understood that in the foregoing embodiment, processes aredescribed that include one or more of any of the steps, two or more ofany of the steps, three or more of any of the steps, and so on. Forexample, processes are described herein that include step (e); processesare also described herein that include steps (d) and (e); processes arealso described herein that include steps (e) and (f); processes are alsodescribed herein that include steps (d), (e), and (f); and so on.

It is also to be understood that in step (e) the R^(A) group on theoxirane and the R^(B) group on the oxazolidinone are generally the same.Illustratively, when R^(A) is halo, such as chloro, R^(B) is halo, suchas chloro; and when R^(A) is a protected amino group, R^(B) is aprotected amino group. However, it is also to be understood that R^(A)may be converted to a different R^(B) in step (e) and still fall withinthe scope of the process step. For example, when R^(A) is halo, such aschloro, R^(B) may be amino or a protected amino if other components areadded to the mixture that are capable of concomitantly or sequentiallyconverting the halo, such as chloro, to amino or a protected amino.Similarly, when R^(A) is a protected amino, R^(B) may be amino if othercomponents are added to the mixture that are capable of concomitantly orsequentially converting the protected amino to amino.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in thepreceding embodiment wherein the 3-fluoro-4-halonitrobenzene is3,4-difluoronitrobenzene.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the 3-fluoro-4-halonitrobenzene is4-chloro-3-fluoronitrobenzene.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the reducing agent is hydrogen gas.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the acylating agent is phosgene or aphosgene analog. Illustrative phosgene analogs include diphosphosgene,triphosgene, carbonyldiimidazole, and the like.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments, comprising step (e).

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for preparinglinezolid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the processcomprising a step selected from the group consisting of

(a) mixing 3-fluoro-4-halobenzoic acid with morpholine to prepare3-fluoro-4-(morpholino)benzoic acid, or a salt thereof;

(b) mixing 3-fluoro-4-(morpholino)benzoic acid with an activating agentto prepare the corresponding activated acid;

(c) mixing the corresponding activated acid of3-fluoro-4-(morpholino)benzoic acid with an azide salt to prepare3-fluoro-4-(morpholino)benzoyl azide, or a salt thereof;

(d) mixing 3-fluoro-4-(morpholino)benzoyl azide with an oxirane of theformula

to prepare a compound of the formula

or a salt thereof; where R^(A) is halo or a protected amino group; andR^(B) is halo, amino, or a protected amino group;

and combinations thereof.

It is to be understood that in the foregoing embodiment, processes aredescribed that include one or more of any of the steps, two or more ofany of the steps, three or more of any of the steps, and so on. Forexample, processes are described herein that include step (d); processesare also described herein that include steps (c) and (d); processes arealso described herein that include steps (b), (c), and (d); and so on.

It is also to be understood that in step (d) the R^(A) group on theoxirane and the R^(B) group on the oxazolidinone are generally the same.Illustratively, when R^(A) is halo, such as chloro, R^(B) is halo, suchas chloro; and when R^(A) is a protected amino group, R^(B) is aprotected amino group. However, it is also to be understood that R^(A)may be converted to a different R^(B) in step (d) and still fall withinthe scope of the process step. For example, when R^(A) is halo, such aschloro, R^(B) may be amino or a protected amino if other components areadded to the mixture that are capable of concomitantly or sequentiallyconverting the halo, such as chloro, to amino or a protected amino.Similarly, when R^(A) is a protected amino, R^(B) may be amino if othercomponents are added to the mixture that are capable of concomitantly orsequentially converting the protected amino to amino.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the 3-fluoro-4-halobenzoic acid is3,4-difluorobenzoic acid.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the 3-fluoro-4-halobenzoic acid is4-chloro-3-fluorobenzoic acid.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the activating agent is a chlorinatingagent and the activated acid is an acid chloride. It is to be understoodthat any of a wide variety of activating agents may be used, includingbut not limited to, brominating agents, pentafluorophenylating agents,peptide coupling agents, and the like.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the chlorinating agent comprises thionylchloride, phosphoryl chloride, phosphorous pentachloride, and the like,or a combination thereof.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the chlorinating agent comprisesphosphorous pentachloride.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein steps (b) and (c) are performedcontemporaneously. Illustratively, the activating agent is phosphorylchloride, and the azide salt is sodium azide.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments comprising step (d).

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the oxirane is a compound of the formula

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the oxirane is a compound of the formula

where Ar is optionally substituted phenyl.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein Ar is phenyl.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein Ar is 4-chlorophenyl.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein R^(A) is an imine.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein R^(A) is benzylidene amino, where thebenzyl is optionally substituted.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein R^(A) is benzylidene amino,4-chlorobenzylidene amino; 4-bromobenzylidene amino; or2,4-dichlorobenzylidene amino.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein R^(A) is benzylidene amino.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein R^(B) is an imine.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein R^(B) is benzylidene amino, where thebenzyl is optionally substituted.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein R^(B) is benzylidene amino,4-chlorobenzylidene amino; 4-bromobenzylidene amino; or2,4-dichlorobenzylidene amino.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein R^(B) is benzylidene amino.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the azide salt is sodium azide.

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for preparing acompound of the formula

where Ar is optionally substituted phenyl;

the process comprising the step of mixing a compound of the formula

with a base.

In another embodiment, described herein is a compound of the formula

where Ar is optionally substituted phenyl.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process or compound ofany of the preceding embodiments wherein Ar is phenyl.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process or compound ofany of the preceding embodiments wherein Ar is 4-chlorophenyl.

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for preparing3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)phenyl isocyanate, the process comprising thestep of mixing 3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)aniline with an acylating agent.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process as in any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the acylating agent is phosgene or aphosgene analog.

In another embodiment, described herein is a compound of the formula3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)phenyl isocyanate.

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for preparing3-fluoro-4-chloronitrobenzene, the process comprising the step of mixing4-chloronitrobenzene with fluorine.

In another embodiment, described herein is a compound of the formula3-fluoro-4-chloronitrobenzene.

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for preparing3-fluoro-4-(morpholino)benzoyl azide, or a salt thereof, the processcomprising the steps of (a) mixing 3-fluoro-4-(morpholino)benzoic acidwith an activating agent to prepare the corresponding activated acid;and (b) mixing the corresponding activated acid with an azide salt.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process of the precedingembodiment wherein the activating agent is a chlorinating agent and theactivated acid is an acid chloride.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process of any of thepreceding embodiments wherein the chlorinating agent comprises thionylchloride, phosphoryl chloride, phosphorous pentachloride, or acombination thereof.

In another embodiment, described herein is the process of the precedingembodiment wherein the chlorinating agent comprises phosphorouspentachloride.

In another embodiment, described herein is a compound of the formula3-fluoro-4-(morpholino)benzoyl azide, or a salt thereof.

In another embodiment, described herein are efficient, convergentprocesses for preparation of the antibiotic Linezolid, andpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In another illustrativeembodiment, the processes include the following sequence of steps:

In one aspect of the processes, the substituent Y is a leaving groupsuch as a halogen, and the like. Illustratively, Y is F or Cl. Thepreparation of compound (14) may be performed as a neat mixture or in asolvent, such as sulfolane. In another embodiment, compound (14) in theabove scheme precipitates as a solid from the reaction mixture uponacidification, and may be optionally further purified bycrystallization.

It is to be understood that a wide variety of solvent systems may beemployed in each of the steps described herein. For example, in theconversion of compound (14) to compound (15), illustrative solventsinclude, but are not limited to, CH₂Cl₂, acetone/H₂O mixtures, xylenes,xylene/H₂O mixtures, DMF, DMSO, and the like. In one embodiment,intermediate acid chloride (22) is not isolated. In another embodiment,intermediate acid chloride (22) is isolated as a crystalline solid. Inanother embodiment, illustrative catalytic sources of Br⁻ include, butare not limited to, magnesium bromide etherate, lithium bromide incombination with a phosphine oxide, such as tri-n-butylphosphine oxide,and the like.

In another embodiment, R¹ is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each of which isoptionally substituted. Illustratively, R¹ is optionally substitutedphenyl, including but not limited to phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl,2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl,and the like. Illustratively, R¹ is phenyl. In another embodiment,compound (17) in the above scheme precipitates or crystallizes from thereaction mixture, and may be optionally further purified bycrystallization. It has been unexpectedly discovered that compound (17),when R¹ is unsubstituted phenyl, is also isolable from the reactionmixture as a solid. In another embodiment, compound (11) in the abovescheme precipitates or crystallizes from the reaction mixture, and maybe optionally further purified by crystallization. Without being boundby theory, it is believed herein that azide (15) in the processesdescribed herein is converted to the corresponding isocyanate (6)

during the course of the step.

In another illustrative embodiment, the processes include the followingsequence of steps:

wherein the substituents Y are as defined above. In another illustrativeembodiment, compound (2) crystallizes from the reaction mixture, and maybe optionally further purified by crystallization. It is to beunderstood that a wide variety of reducing agents, including HCO₂NH₄ andcatalytic Pd may be used in the processes described herein. In anotherillustrative embodiment, compound (6) crystallizes from the reactionmixture, and may be optionally further purified by crystallization.Compound (6) may be subsequently mixed with oxiranes (16) describedherein, and carried forward to prepare linezolid, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for the conversionof acid azides, such as compound (15) and/or isocyanates, such ascompound (6) into linezolid using epichlorohydrins. In anotherillustrative embodiment, the processes include the following sequence ofsteps:

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for the conversionof azides, such as compounds (8) into linezolid in one step:

In another illustrative embodiment, imine or Schiff base epoxideintermediates such as those illustrated below for compound (16A), andprocesses for preparing them are described. Illustratively, compounds(16A) may be prepared as illustrated in the following scheme

wherein W represents one or more substituents as described herein. It isto be understood that the imines described herein may be either in a (Z)or (E) configuration, or a wide variety of mixtures thereof. Withoutbeing bound by theory, it is believed herein that the arylalkylideneimines are typically in or predominantly in the (E) configuration, asshown herein for compounds such as (16A).

In another embodiment, described herein are processes for thepreparation of 3-fluoro-4-(1-morpholino)nitrobenzene. In one aspect, theprocesses include the step of displacing a leaving group present at the4-position on the corresponding 3-fluoronitrobenzene. Illustrativeleaving groups include halogens, such as chloro and fluoro.3,4-difluoronitrobenzene is commercially available.4-chloro-3-fluoronitrobenzene may be prepared as described herein byfluorinating 4-chloronitrobenzene.

In another embodiment, described herein is a convergent process for thepreparation of the antibiotic linezolid starting from3,4-difluorobenzoic acid and (S)-epichlorohydrin. In one aspect, thisconvergent process provides linezolid in an overall yield of 34.7%. Inanother embodiment, processes described herein are used to preparelinezolid having an enantiomeric excess of about 97% or greater, about98% or greater, or about 99% or greater. In another aspect, theprocesses described herein avoid the use of expensive reagents such aslithium t-butoxide and (R)-glycidyl butyrate.

EXAMPLES

The following examples further illustrate specific embodiments of theinvention. However, the following examples should not be interpreted inany way to limit the invention.

Example 1

General. Products were analyzed by LCMS (dissolving the product inacetonitrile) under the following conditions. Column: Agilent EclipseXDB-C18, 5 uM, 4.6×150 mm. Solvent A: 5 mM Ammonium acetate in Water.Solvent B: 5 mM Ammonium acetate in CH₃CN:MeOH (1:1). Method A: Time 0Min: 20% B; Time 25 min 100% B; gradient elution flow rate 1.00 ml/min.Method B: Time 0 Min: 20% B; Time 10 min 100% B; stop time 12 min;gradient elution flow rate 1.00 ml/min. GCMS analyses were performedunder the following conditions: Column: HP-5 5% phenyl methyl siloxane(HP1909/J-433). Method: Time 0 min 80° C.; Time 2 min column tempincreases at 20° C./min to 300° C.; Stop Time 12 min.

Example 2

Fluorination of 4-chloronitrobenzene with fluorine gas in sulfuric acidprovided 4-chloro-3-fluoronitrobenzene as a crystalline solid on aqueousworkup of the reaction. This was followed by displacement of the chlorogroup with morpholine (neat) in quantitative yield, isolated as acrystalline solid on dilution of the reaction with methanol. Reductionof the nitro group with ammonium formate under an argon or nitrogenatmosphere provided 3-fluoro-4-morpholinoaniline as a crystalline solidwhich was converted to the isocyanate and treated with the chiralepoxide (S) N-(oxiranylmethyl)acetamide in xylene with lithium bromideand tributylphosphine oxide to yield linezolid. Alternatively, theintermediate 3-fluoro-4-morpholinoaniline was converted to thebenzylcarbamate with benzyl chloroformate in aq. sodium bicarbonate, andsubsequently treated with n-butyl lithium to form the anion and treatedwith (S) N-oxiranylmethyl)acetamide to provide linezolid.

Example 3

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinonitrobenzene (2). In a 250 ml 3-neck round bottomflask with mechanical stirrer, septum and drying tube was added3,4-difluoronitrobenzene (1) (12.91 g, 81.1 mmol), methanol (60 ml) andmorpholine (15.93 g, 16 ml, 183 mmol). The clear solution was heated atreflux with stirring for 2 hours. The reaction mixture containing yellowcrystals was cooled in an ice bath for 1 hour with stirring. Thecrystals were collected by filtration and dried in vacuo (1 mm) at roomtemperature for 3 hours (16.99 g, 93%). Homogenous by TLC (silica gel,CHCL₃) Rf=0.54 (yellow spot) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCL3) δ 8.00 (ddd, 1H,J=9 Hz, J=2.6 Hz, J=1 Hz), 7.92 (dd, 1H, J=13.1 Hz, J=2.5 Hz), 6.92 (dd,1H, J=8.8 Hz, J=8.8 Hz), 3.86 (dd, 4H, J=4.7 Hz, J=4.7 Hz), 3.28 (dd,4H, J=4.7 Hz, J=4.7 Hz). LCMS (Method A) 0.79 min m/e 227.

Example 4

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinoaniline (5). 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinonitrobenzene (2)(16.99 gm, 75.11 mmol) and ammonium formate (19.5 gm, 309 mmol) wereadded to a 3-neck 500 ml round bottom flask with football stirrer.Methanol (185 ml) and reagent grade THF (45 ml) were added to the flask.The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and the flask was alternatelyevacuated (House vac) and filled with argon (4×) (Firestone valve). 10%Pd/C (450 mgs) was added and the reaction was evacuated (House vac) andfilled with argon (2×) and was stirred in an ice bath over nightallowing the reaction to warm to room temperature. The water-whitereaction (when stirring stopped and catalyst allowed to settle) wastreated with solid sodium ascorbate (4 gm) and diluted with ether (200ml). Decanted the reaction solution from the dark solid (catalyst andsalts) into a 1 L separatory funnel. Washed/decanted the dark solid withadditional ether (50 ml) that was added to the separatory funnel. Brine(220 mL, containing 4 gm sodium ascorbate) was added to the separatoryfunnel and the organic layer separated. The aqueous layer was extractedwith additional ether (100 ml). The combined ether layers were washedwith brine (2×100 ml) (to remove MeOH—and water), dried (MgSO₄), dilutedwith benzene (25 ml) and evaporated providing a light yellow or aslightly reddish pink crystalline solid (13.3 gm, 90%). TLC (silica gel,EtOAc:Hexane 9:1) showed a single spot with lower R_(f) than 2 thatturned brown on standing in the air. Material used immediately in thenext step (should be stored under argon or nitrogen until used).

Example 5

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinoaniline (5). Alternative procedure.3-Fluoro-4-morpholinonitrobenzene (2) (12.6 gm, 55.67 mmol) and ammoniumformate (14.45 gm, 229 mmol) was added to a 3-neck 500 ml rd bottomflask with football stirrer. Methanol (135 ml) and reagent grade THF (35ml) were added to the flask. The mixture was warmed to obtain ahomogenous solution and ammonium formate (14.45 gm, 229 mmol) was addedforming a homogenous solution. The reaction was cooled in an ice bathand the flask was alternately evacuated (House vac) and filled withargon (4×) (Firestone valve). 10% Pd/C (335 mgs) was added and thereaction was evacuated (House vac) and filled with argon (2×) and wasstirred in an ice bath overnight allowing the reaction to warm to roomtemperature. The water-white reaction (when stirring stopped andcatalyst allowed to settle) was treated with solid sodium ascorbate (3gm) and diluted with methylene chloride (150 ml). The reaction wasdecanted from the dark solid (catalyst and salts) into a 1 L separatoryfunnel. The dark solid was washed/decanted with additional methylenechloride (75 ml) that was added to the separatory funnel. Brine (175 ml,containing 2 gm sodium ascorbate) was added to the separatory funnel andthe organic layer separated. The aqueous layer was extracted withadditional methylene chloride (75 ml). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine (2×75 ml containing 1 gm sodium ascorbate) (to removeMeOH—and water), dried (MgSO4), and evaporated providing a yellow orangecrystalline solid (10 gm, 92%). TLC (silica gel, CHCl₃) R_(f)=0.18 (spotturns brown on exposure to UV light). Material used immediately in thenext step (should be stored under argon or nitrogen until used).

Example 6

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinoisocyanate (6). 20% Phosgene in toluene (71 ml, 135mmol) was cannulated into a dry 1 L 3-neck round bottom flask underargon that was fitted with a septum, overhead stirrer, and gas inlettube. The septum was replaced with a 500 mL side arm dropping funnelthat had an Argon inlet tube on top, and the gas inlet tube on the 1 Lflask was replaced with a thermometer. The reaction was cooled in a dryice acetone bath to ca. −20° C. with stirring. Aniline (5) (13.3 g, 67.8mmol) was dissolved in warm (ca. 45° C.) toluene and added to thedropping funnel. The aniline solution was added to the rapidly stirring20% phosgene solution in a slow stream keeping the reaction temperatureat ˜−20° C. Soon a thick milky white precipitate formed. After completeaddition of the aniline, the dropping funnel was rinsed with toluene (25ml). The dropping funnel was replaced with a reflux condenser with anargon inlet tube and the thermometer was replaced with a glass stopper.The milky white suspension was heated to reflux. After 30 to 40 minutesa homogeneous light colored solution formed. The reaction was refluxedan additional 15 minutes, cooled to room temperature and filteredthrough fluted filter paper to remove a small quantity of flocculentmaterial, rinsing with toluene (15 ml). TLC of the light yellow filtrate(small aliquot diluted with MeOH, to make the methyl carbamate) showed asingle spot. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to an almost colorlessoil. The oil was poured into a 250 Erlenmeyer flask washing with hexane(total volume 60 ml). Within minutes off-white to light purple crystalsformed. The crystalline mixture was cooled in an ice bath under argonand was collected by filtration (12.6 g, 84%) after drying in vacuo.LCMS (CH₃CN/MeOH as solvent to dissolve the crystals). Retention time9.76 min (99%) m/e 255 (methyl carbamate M+).

Example 7

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinoisocyanate (6). Alternative procedure. 20% Phosgenein toluene (53 ml, 101 mmol) was cannulated into a dry 1 L 3-neck rdbottom flask under argon that was fitted with a septum, overheadstirrer, and gas inlet tube. The septum was replaced with a 500 ml sidearm dropping funnel that had an Argon inlet tube on top, and the gasinlet tube on the 1 L flask was replaced with a thermometer. Thereaction was cooled in a dry ice acetone bath to ca. −20° C. withstirring. Aniline (5) (10 g, 51 mmol) was dissolved in warm (ca. 45° C.)toluene (275 ml) and added to the dropping funnel. The aniline solutionwas added to the rapidly stirring 20% phosgene solution in a slow streamkeeping the reaction temperature at ˜−20° C. Soon a thick milky whiteprecipitate formed. After complete addition of the aniline, the droppingfunnel was rinsed with toluene (25 ml). The dropping funnel was replacedwith a reflux condenser with an argon inlet tube and the thermometer wasreplaced with a glass stopper. The milky white suspension was heated toreflux. After 30 to 40 minutes a homogeneous light colored solutionformed. The reaction was refluxed an additional 15 minutes, cooled toroom temperature. TLC of the light yellow reaction (Small aliquotdiluted with MeOH, to make the methyl carbamate) showed a single spot).The clear solution was evaporated in vacuo to a light colored oil. Theoil was diluted with hexane (40 ml) and cooled in an ice bath. Withinminutes white crystals formed and the mixture was cooled on dry ice for15 minutes. The solvent was decanted from the crystals and the crystalswere dried on the rotary evaporator (9.5 g, 84%). Used immediately forthe preparation of (17). LCMS (Method A) (CH₃CN/MeOH as solvent todissolve the crystals) Retention time 9.76 min (99%) m/e 255 (methylcarbamate M⁺).

Example 8

(S)-(E,Z)-5-((Benzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(13). Anhydrous LiBr (60 mg, 0.69 mmol), a 0.1 M solution oftri-n-butylphosphine oxide in o-xylene (6.4 ml, 0.64 mmol) and o-xylene(25 ml) were added to a 100 ml 1-neck rd bottom flask with footballstirring bar. The mixture was refluxed for 50 minutes to dissolve theLiBr by azetropically removing water by distilling off ca. 12 ml of thexylene. A solution of 3-fluoro-4-morpholinoisocyanate (6) (2.39 g, 10.74mmol) and (S)(E,Z)-N-benzylidene-1-(oxiran-2-yl)methanamine (10) (1.73g, 10.74 mmol) in o-xylene (15 ml) was added to the reaction via asyringe in a slow stream. As the solution of (6) and (10) was added tothe reaction the color rapidly lightened. The yellow-brown reactionsolution was heated at reflux for 1 hr and during this time the colorlightened. The reaction solution was cooled to room temp and addeddropwise to a rapidly stirring solution of hexane (200 ml). A fine lighttan precipitate formed that was collected by filtration and air dried(4.0 g, 97%). Recrystallizes nicely from ethanol. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.39(s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 2H, J=4.90 Hz), 7.38-7.46 (m, 4H), 7.14 (ddd, 1H,J=8.9 Hz, J=2.5 Hz, J=1.0 Hz), 6.92 (dd, 1H, J=9.2 Hz, J=9.2 Hz), 4.95(m, 1H), 4.12 (dd, 1H, J=8.8 Hz, J=8.6 Hz), 4.07 (dd, 1H, J=8.7 Hz,J=6.1 Hz), 3.99 (ddd, 1H, J=12.7 Hz, J=4.6 Hz, J=1.3 Hz), 3.91 (ddd, 1H,J=13.2 Hz, J=5.6 Hz, J=1.0 Hz), 3.87 (dd, 4H, J=4.8 Hz, J=4.7 Hz), 3.05(dd, 4H, J=4.6 Hz, J=4.6 Hz).

Example 9

(S)-N-[{3-[3-Fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methylamine(11). Anhydrous LiBr (30 mg, 0.3 mmol) and tri-n-butylphosphine oxide(75 mg. 0.3 mmol) were added to a 25 ml 3-neck round bottom flask withfootball stirring bar containing o-xylene (10 ml). The mixture wasrefluxed for 50 minutes in an oil bath to azeotropically remove water. Asolution of 3-fluoro-4-morpholinoisocyanate (6) and(S)(E,Z)-N-benzylidene-1-(oxiran-2-yl)methanamine (10) (720 mg, 4.47mmol) in o-xylene (5 ml) was added to the reaction via a syringe in aslow stream. The light yellow-brown slightly cloudy reaction mixture washeated at reflux for 1 hr, cooled to room temp and poured into a rapidlystirring solution of hexane (75 ml). A fine precipitate formed thatturned into semisolid. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and placed inthe freezer overnight. The hexane was decanted from the precipitate; amixture of white powder and light tan material. The precipitate was airdried. LCMS 5.27 min (40%) m/e 296, 6.17 min (38%) m/e 296 (apparentlythe same material since on further work-up only the 5.27 min peakobserved), 7.85 min (8.5%) m/e 518, 9.77 min (6.7%) m/e 219 (Bu₃P═O).The solid was dissolved in 1 N HCl (50 ml) at room temp and rapidlystirred for 15 min to hydrolyze the remaining quantity of Shiff Base to(11) (most had already been converted to (11)). The solution was cooledwith ice and extracted with EtOAc (50 ml). The aqueous layer wasbasified with ice cold 1 N NaOH (to ca. pH 8 to 9) and extracted withEtOAc (5×50 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (25ml), dried (MgSO₄/Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to a light purple semisolid(1.16 g, LCMS RT=5.07 min (79%) m/e 296, 6.23 min (8.3%), 219 (Bu3P═O).The solid was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (ca. 4 ml) and applied to a flashsilica gel column (50 ml) packed with CH₂Cl₂. Elution with CH₂Cl₂ (200ml) and then CH₂Cl₂:MeOH (9:1). When UV active material started to elutefrom the column, fractions were collected. The first two fractionscontained material with an R_(f)˜0.5 then a slow moving spot R_(f)˜0.2started to elute. Fractions containing the slow moving material (ca. 400ml) were combined and evaporated to a white crystalline solid (710 mg,54%) of 11. LCMS RT=5.38 min (100%) m/e=296 (MH⁺). The faster elutingmaterial was Bu₃P═O. LCMS RT=7.89 min m/e 219.

Example 10

(S)-N-[{3-[3-Fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methylamine(11) hydrochloride. To a 50 ml 3-neck rd bottom flask with stirring barand drying tube was added(S)-,E,Z)-5-((benzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(13) (766 mg, 2 mmol) and EtOAc (8 ml). The mixture was heated to refluxto form a clear solution. The reaction solution was placed in a 45° C.oil bath with stirring and a solution of 1 N HCl in ethanol (10 ml, 10mmol) (prepared by the addition of acetyl chloride to ethanol) was addeddropwise. A white precipitate formed that went back in solution oncomplete addition of the ethanolic HCl leaving a cloudy white reactionmixture. (Dropwise addition prevents clumping of the precipitate). Thereaction was stirred at 45° C. for 5 hours to overnight. The reactionwas removed from the oil bath and ethyl acetate (15 ml) was added to thewhite crystalline solid. The solvent was separated from the crystalsusing a filter stick and a positive argon pressure. The crystals werewashed with ethyl acetate (2×15 ml) and dried under vacuum using aFirestone valve. The white crystals were treated with refluxing ethanol(8 ml) and the resulting solution was gravity filtered through flutedfilter paper into an Erlenmeyer flask and slowly cooled to room temp andthen in an ice bath with stirring. The resulting off-white crystals of(11) hydrochloride (430 mg, 65%) were collected by filtration, washedwith EtOH and dried in a vac oven (House vacuum) at 40° C. ¹HNMR(DMSO-d6) δ 8.28 (s, 3H), 7.49 □ □ (dd, 1H, J=15 Hz, J=2.5 Hz), 7.18(dd, 1H, J=8.8 Hz, J=2.2 Hz), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J=9.1 Hz, J=9.1 Hz), 4.92(m, 1H), 4.16 (dd, 1H, J=9.1 Hz, J=9.1 Hz), 3.83 (dd, 1H, J=9.2 Hz,J=6.6 Hz), 3.74 (dd, 4H, J=4.5 Hz, J=4.5 Hz), 3.23 (t, 2H, J=5.4 Hz),2.97 (dd, 4H, J=4.7 Hz, J=4.7 Hz). ¹HNMR of the free amine (CDCl₃) δ7.46 (dd, 1H, J=14.4 Hz, J=2.6 Hz), 7.14 (ddd, 1H, J=8.8 Hz, J=2.5 Hz,J=1.1 Hz), 6.93 (dd, 1H, J=9.2 Hz, J=9.1 Hz), 4.67 (m, 1H), 4.01 (dd,1H, J=8.7 Hz, J=8.7 Hz), 3.88 (dd, 4H, J=4.8 Hz, J=4.6 Hz), 3.82 (dd,1H, J=8.5 Hz, J=6.7 Hz), 3.11 (dd, 1H, J=13.7 Hz, J=4.1 Hz), 3.05 (dd,4H, J=4.7 Hz, J=4.6 Hz), 2.97 (dd, 1H, J=13.7 Hz, J=5.7 Hz).

Example 11

(S)-N-[{3-[3-Fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methyl]acetamide:Linezolid (9). In a dry 2-neck 15 ml round bottom flask with stirringbar, septum and reflux condenser containing an argon bubbler on top wasadded(S)—N-[{3-[3-fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methyl]amine(11) (540 mg, 1.83 mmol) and CH₂Cl₂ (5 ml). Pyridine (320 mg, 0.33 ml, 4mmol) and acetic anhydride (470 mg, 0.44 ml, 4.6 mmol) were addedsequentially via syringe. The colorless reaction solution was heated atreflux under an argon atmosphere. The reaction was followed by LCMS andafter 2 hrs was complete (small aliquot of reaction solution removed viasyringe, diluted 4-fold with CH₃CN, filtered through a cotton plug in apipette to remove cloudiness). LCMS shows RT 5.58 min m/e 338 (MH⁺), 360(M+23). The reaction was cooled to RT, poured into ice cold saturatedaq. NaHCO₃ and diluted with additional CH₂Cl₂. Combined organic layerswashed with brine (25 ml), ice cold 0.1 N aq HCl (25 ml), brine (2×25ml) and dried (MgSO₄, Na₂SO₄) (the drying agent retained all the lightpurple color). The colorless filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to a whitecrystalline solid (150 mg, 24%) TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH 9:1) R_(f)=0.4identical with authentic linezolid (9). Recrystallized from EtOAc (2.5ml) cooling to RT yielding white crystals cooled in freezer overnight(55 mg).

(S)(E,Z)-1-(Benzylideneamino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol (12). Benzaldehyde(5.95 g, 56 mmol), ethanol (25 ml) and conc. NH₄OH (5 g, 85 mmol) wereadded to a 100 ml round bottom flask with football stirring bar(resulting in a mild exotherm). (S)-Epichlorohydrin (5 g, 4.25 ml, 54mmol) was added and the colorless reaction solution was heated at 40° C.(bath temperature) for 6 hr with stirring and allowed to stand at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction solution was evaporated to acolorless thick oil and diluted with water (5 ml). The solution wascooled on Dry Ice and then allowed to warm to room temperature formingwhite crystals (seeding-but not necessary). Decanted the water from thefine crystals (difficult to filter) and removed the rest of the water bywarming the round bottom containing the crystals at 40° C. under highvacuum. (Crystals partially melted during the 30 min—cooled in an icebath while continuing to pull vacuum at the the end of the 30 min). Thewhite crystals were recrystallized from 300 ml of hot hexane removing asmall amount of insoluble material by treating with Celite followed bygravity filtration through fluted filter paper—concentrated via refluxto 100 ml, cooled to room temperature and then in an ice bath. Theresulting white crystals were collected by filtration and dried at roomtemperature (House vacuum) (7.53 g, 70.6%), GCMS retention time 8.84min, m/e 196.

Example 12

(S)(E,Z)-N-benzylidene-1-(oxiran-2-yl)methanamine (10).(S)(E,Z)-1-(Benzylideneamino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol (12) (2.55 g, 12.9mmol), reagent grade methanol (65 ml) and anhydrous K₂CO₃ (3.56 g, 25.8mmol) were added to a 250 ml round bottom flask with football stirrerand drying tube. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously (rate ofstirring determines rate of heterogenous reaction). After 2 hrs GCMSshowed complete conversion to the epoxide (small aliquot removed fromthe reaction, diluted with an equal volume of CH₃CN, filtered throughpipette with a cotton plug in a disposable pipette). Retention time 7.77min, m/e 160 (the methoxyalcohol from opening the epoxide has retentiontime 8.67 min m/e 192) (substantial formation of this material observedif reaction allowed to proceed overnight). The colorless reaction wasdiluted with CH₂Cl₂ (100 ml) and the aqueous layer was extracted withadditional CH₂Cl₂ (2×50 ml). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (3×100 ml), dried (MgSO₄/Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to acolorless oil (2.1 g, quantitative yield); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.29 (s, 1H), 7.73-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.43 (m, 3H), 3.90-3.93 (m, 1H),3.68-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.35 (m, 1H), 2.84-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.75 (m,1H); MS (EI, 70 eV) m/z 161 (M⁺, 3), 160 (17), 144 (23), 132 (39), 118(43), 104 (53), 91 (100). GCMS shows essentially pure epoxide; useddirectly to prepare 11. GCMS Retention time 7.76 min (m/e 160).

Example 13

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14). A 500 ml 3-neck rd bottom flaskfitted with mechanical stirrer was charged with 3,4-difluorobenzoic(15.8 g, 100 mmol) and morpholine (70 g, 70 ml, 800 mmol). The clearsolution was heated at reflux with stirring for 30 hours. The heatingsource was removed from the reaction mixture that contained a fewcrystals on the side of the flask and was acidified (pH 1 to pH 2) with6 N hydrochloric acid with rapid stirring. The product started toprecipitate as the pH drops below 6. The precipitate was collected byfiltration and washed thoroughly with warm (50° C.) water (500 ml) anddried at 110° C. under house vacuum. The product was recrystallized bydissolving in refluxing ethanol (500 ml) and concentrated to 200 ml withstirring. Crystals stated to form in the refluxing solution when thevolume had been reduced to ca. 400 ml. The crystals were cooled to roomtemp with stirring, cooled in an ice bath for 1 hour with stirring,collected by filtration and dried in vacuo (House vac at 80° C.) (17.1g, 76%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.69 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.58 (dd,1H, J=13.9 Hz, J=1. Hz), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J=8.6 Hz, J=8.6 Hz), 3.75 (dd,4H, J=4.5 Hz, J=4.5 Hz), 3.12 (dd, 4H, J=4.5 Hz, J=4.5 Hz).

Example 14

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14). Alternative method. Thiscompound was alternatively prepared following the literature procedureof Fujisaki et al. (Heterocycles 2008, 75, 1681-1694), using DMSO assolvent. However, a lower yield is obtained with this method.

Example 15

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14). Alternative method. A 15 ml ACEGlass crew cap thick walled vessel with magnetic stirring bar wascharged with morpholine (5 ml, 28.5 mmol), sulfolane (5 ml) and3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (1.12 g, 7.1 mmol). The vessel was sealed withthe screw cap and heated with stirring at 170 to 175° C. (oil bathtemperature) for 3 hours. The vessel was cooled in an ice bath. NMR(DMSO-d₆) of the precipitate formed from a small aliquot of theacidified reaction indicated complete conversion to (14). The reactionwas diluted with an equal volume of water and acidified to ca. pH 2 to 3with 6 N hydrochloric acid. The resulting white precipitate wascollected by filtration and washed with refluxing water (50 ml) toensure the removal of morpholine hydrochloride (that appear as twotriplets just above the morpholine peaks for (14) in the NMR). The whiteprecipitate was dried at 110° C. under house vacuum (1.35 g, 81% andrecrystallized from methanol (1.0 g, 62.5%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.69 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.58 (dd, 1H, J=13.9 Hz, J=1. Hz), 7.09 (dd, 1H,J=8.6 Hz, J=8.6 Hz), 3.75 (dd, 4H, J=4.5 Hz, J=4.5 Hz), 3.12 (dd, 4H,J=4.5 Hz, J=4.5 Hz).

Example 16

Scale-up of the synthesis of 3-fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14). A 2L 3-neck round bottom flask fitted with mechanical stirrer and refluxcondenser was charged with morpholine (700 g, 700 ml, 8 mol) and to thestirring solution was added 3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (158 g, 1 mol)(AmplaChem, Inc). The clear solution was heated at reflux and after 29hours a ca. 0.5 ml aliquot was removed from the light yellow reactionsolution, acidified with 6 N HCl and the precipitate was analyzed by ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆) showing that the reaction was complete by the absence ofthe aromatic peaks at δ7.78-7.92 present in the starting material. Thereaction was allowed to cool to below 100° C. and was carefullyacidified (pH 1 to 2) with 6 N hydrochloric acid with rapid stirring(initial addition of 6N HCl was dropwise but then as a slow stream withcooling). The product starts to precipitate as the pH falls below 6. Theprecipitate was collected by filtration and washed thoroughly with hot(80° C.) water (2 L) to ensure the removal of morpholine hydrochloride(that appears as two triplets just above the morpholine peaks for (14)in the NMR) The white precipitate was dried at 110° C. under housevacuum and recrystallized by dissolving in ethanol (4.5 L) andconcentration to 1.5 L with stirring. Crystals started to form in therefluxing solution when the volume had been reduced to ca. 3.5 L. Thecrystals were cooled to room temp with stirring, cooled in an ice bathfor 1 hour with stirring, collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at80° C. (172.5 g, 77%). ¹H NMR spectrum identical with that for theproduct described in the previous paragraph.

Example 17

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoyl azide (15). Thionyl chloride method.3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14) (16.2 gm, 72 mmol) and methylenechloride (180 ml) were added to a 500 ml rd bottom flask with footballstirrer and reflux condenser. Thionyl chloride (15.8 ml, 216 mmol) anddry DMF (0.7 ml) were added to the flask. The mixture was heated at agentle reflux and within a few minutes a light yellow solution formedand gas evolution subsided. The reaction was heated at reflux for 45minutes. TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH; 95:5) of a small aliquot of the reaction thatwas quenched in methanol (to form the methyl ester) indicated completeconversion to the acid chloride. The light yellow solution wasevaporated to dryness in vacuo providing a light yellow solid. Hexane(75 ml) was added and the flask was swirled for a few minutes. Thehexane was evaporated in vacuo yielding crystalline mass. Hexane (75 ml)was added to the crystals, the flask was swirled and the light yellowsolution was decanted from the white crystalline mass of the acidchloride. The solid was dissolved in acetone (200 ml) at room temp andthe solution was cooled in an ice bath with stirring. A solution ofsodium azide (27 g, 415 mmol) in water (100 ml) was added as a slowstream to the rapidly stirring reaction solution. A white granularprecipitate formed in the reaction mixture by the time all of the sodiumazide solution had been added. The ice bath was removed and replacedwith a room temp water bath. After 45 minutes the granular precipitatehad dissolved and the two phase reaction solution was rapidly stirred anadditional 45 minutes. The reaction was diluted with methylene chloride(150 ml) and the lower colorless organic layer was separated from theupper light orange aqueous layer. The aqueous layer was extracted withadditional methylene chloride (75 ml) and the combined organic layerswere washed with ice cold 10% aq. sodium carbonate, water (100 ml) anddried over sodium sulfate overnight. The drying agent was removed byfiltration and the colorless solution was evaporated to dryness in vacuo(bath temp 35° C.) forming a white crystalline solid. Hexane (75 ml) wasadded and the crystalline mass was stored a −20° C., collected byfiltration (without washing with hexane) and air dried (15.55 g, 86%)TLC (silica gel CH₂Cl₂) showed a single spot that turned brown onexposure to UV light. mp 86.1-86.6° C. (without decomp); IR (thin film)2154, 1675 cm⁻¹; ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 170.91, 154.09, 145.07,126.72, 123.66, 117.42, 117.31, 66.70, 49.97.

Example 18

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoyl azide (15). Phosphorus pentachloridemethod. 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14) (2.25 gm, 10 mmol),methylene chloride (25 ml) and phosphorus pentachloride (2.19 gm, 10.5mmol) were added to a 100 ml round bottom flask with football stirrerand reflux condenser. The reflux condenser was fitted with a T-tube ontop that had a line connected to a nitrogen tank for a slight positivenitrogen inflow and a line connected to a drying tube that led to a gasscrubber to trap hydrogen chloride gas. The mixture was heated at agentle reflux for 90 minutes with stirring. At this time the reactionwas a homogenous light yellow solution. TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH; 95:5) of asmall aliquot of the reaction that was quenched in methanol (to form themethyl ester) indicated complete conversion to the acid chloride. Themixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo providing a light yellowsolid. Hexane (25 ml) was added and the flask was swirled for a fewminutes. The hexane was evaporated in vacuo yielding a crystalline mass.Hexane (25 ml) was added to the crystals, the flask was swirled and thesolution was decanted from the light yellow crystals. The small amountof hexane remaining with the crystals was removed in vacuo. The acidchloride was dissolved in acetone (18 ml) at room temperature and asolution of sodium azide (3.25 gm, 50 mmol) in water (12 ml) was addedto the rapidly stirring solution. The two phase solution remained atroom temperature and was vigorously stirred. After ca. 10 minutes lightyellow crystals formed in the reaction flask. Additional acetone (10 ml)was added to the reaction to dissolve the crystals. After one hour thetwo phase solution was transferred to a separatory funnel. TLC (CHCL₃)of the two layers showed that most of the benzoyl chloride was in theupper layer. The lower layer was extracted with methylene chloride (25ml) and the lower layer was discarded. The methylene chloride extractwas added to the upper layer plus an additional 25 ml of methylenechloride. The light lemon yellow solution was extracted with ice cold10% aq. sodium carbonate (2×10 ml), water (25 ml) and dried (Na₂SO₄)over night. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the lemonyellow solution was evaporated to dryness in vacuo (bath temp 35° C.) toa light yellow crystalline solid. Cold hexane (−15° C.) (15 ml) wasadded and the light yellow crystals were collected by filtration and airdried (2.3 g, 92%); TLC R_(f)=0.15 (silica gel, CHCL₃) (spot turns brownon exposure to UV light); mp 85.0-85.9° C. (without decomp); IR (thinfilm) 2154, 1675 cm-1; ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.76 (dd, 1H, J=9.0Hz, J=2.0 Hz), 7.67 (dd, 1H, J=13.8 Hz, J=2.0 Hz), 6.94 (dd, 1H, J=8.5Hz, J=8.5 Hz), 3.88 (dd, 4H, J=4.6 Hz, J=4.6 Hz), 3.5 (dd, 4H, J=4.7 Hz,J=4.7 Hz). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCL3) δ 170.88, 155.11, 144.78, 126.73,123.90, 117.60, 117.38, 65.82, 50.04.

Example 19

3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoyl azide (15). Alternative method. Thiscompound may be prepared from (14) in a one pot reaction utilizing POCl₃in DMF (Vilsmeier complex) and NaN₃ following the literature procedureof Sridhar et al. (Syn. Comm. 2003, 33, 607-611).

Example 20

(S)-(E,Z)-5-((4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(17). Anhydrous LiBr (168 mg, 1.9 mmol), a 0.1 M solution oftri-n-butylphosphine oxide in o-xylene (19 ml, 1.9 mmol) and o-xylene(100 ml) were added to a 250 ml 3-neck rd bottom flask with footballstirring bar, reflux condenser that was fitted with an argon inlet valveand a 125 ml sidearm dropping funnel. The mixture was refluxed for 30minutes to dissolve the LiBr by azetropically removing water bydistilling off ca. 10 ml of the xylene. A solution of3-fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoyl azide (15) (6.25 g, 25 mmol) and(S)(E,Z)-N-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-1-(oxiran-2-yl)methanamine (16) (5.0 g,25.6 mmol) in o-xylene (50 ml) was placed in the dropping funnel andadded dropwise to the refluxing reaction with stirring. As the solutionof (15) and (16) was added the reaction solution turned yellow. Thereaction was heated at reflux for 30 minutes, removed from the heatsource and gravity filtered through fluted filter paper into a droppingfunnel to remove a small quantity of insoluble material. The warmsolution was added dropwise to a rapidly stirring solution of hexane(500 ml). A fine light yellow precipitate formed that was collected byfiltration and air dried (7.1 g, 68%). Recrystallization of the yellowsolid from 50 ml of toluene (filtered to remove small quantity ofinsoluble material) (seeded), cooling and storing the crystals overnightat −20° C. gave white crystals that were collected by filtration andwashed with cold toluene (6.75 g, 65%) after drying in vacuo at 40° C.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 2H, J=4.90 Hz),7.38-7.46 (m, 4H), 7.14 (ddd, 1H, J=8.9 Hz, J=2.5 Hz, J=1.0 Hz), 6.92(dd, 1H, J=9.2 Hz, J=9.2 Hz), 4.95 (m, 1H), 4.12 (dd, 1H, J=8.8 Hz,J=8.6 Hz), 4.07 (dd, 1H, J=8.7 Hz, J=6.1 Hz), 3.99 (ddd, 1H, J=12.7 Hz,J=4.6 Hz, J=1.3 Hz), 3.91 (ddd, 1H, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.6 Hz, J=1.0 Hz), 3.87(dd, 4H, J=4.8 Hz, J=4.7 Hz), 3.05 (dd, 4H, J=4.6 Hz, J=4.6 Hz).

Example 21

(S)-(E,Z)-5-((4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(17). Alternative procedure from isolated isocyanate 6. Anhydrous LiBr(190 mg, 2.2 mmol) and tri-n-butylphosphine oxide (537 mg, 2.5 mmol)were quickly added to a 250 ml 3-neck round bottom flask containingtoluene (110 ml) with football stirring bar. A 125 ml dropping funnelwith side arm and reflux condenser that had an argon gas bubbler on topwere placed on the flask and the mixture was refluxed for 30 minutesunder argon allowing toluene to distill from the reaction flask, toazetropically remove water, resulting in a clear solution. A solution of3-fluoro-4-morpholinoisocyanate (6) (9.5 g, 42.8.mmol) and(S)(E,Z)-N-4-chlorobenzylidene-1-(oxiran-2-yl)methanamine (16) (9.2 g,47 mol) in toluene (45 ml) in the dropping funnel was added to therefluxing reaction in a slow stream over 15 minutes. The golden yellowreaction solution was heated at reflux an additional 45 minutes, cooledin an ice bath and seeded resulting in the formation of a copious amountof light yellow crystals. The reaction mixture was cooled to −15° C.overnight and the light yellow crystals were collected by filtration andwashed with cold (−15° C.) toluene (2×15 ml) and dried in the vacuumoven at 50° C. (12.7 g, 71%). NMR was identical with spectrums fromprevious runs that were recrystallized from toluene.

Example 22

(S)-(E,Z)-5-((4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(17). Alternative procedure from isolated isocyanate (6) using magnesiumbromide etherate as catalyst instead of lithium bromide andtri-n-butylphosphine oxide. Magnesium bromide etherate (111 mg, 0.43mmol) was added to a dry 25 ml 3-neck round bottom flask containingtoluene (8 ml) with football stirring bar. A 10 ml addition funnel withside arm and reflux condenser that had an argon gas bubbler on top wereplaced on the flask and the mixture was heated to reflux under argon. Asolution of 3-fluoro-4-morpholinoisocyanate (6) (0.95 g, 4.28 mmol) and(S)(E,Z)-N-4-chlorobenzylidene-1-(oxiran-2-yl)methanamine (16) (0.92 g,4.7 mol) in toluene (8 ml) was added to the dropping funnel and thesolution was added to the refluxing reaction in a slow stream over 5minutes. The magnesium bromide etherate went into solution and theresulting golden yellow reaction was heated at reflux for 45 minutes,cooled in an ice bath and seeded, resulting in the formation of yellowcrystals. The reaction mixture was cooled to −15° C. overnight and theyellow crystals were collected by filtration and washed with cold (−15°C.) toluene (2×15 ml) and air dried. Recrystallization from toluene (10ml) (removing small amount of insoluble material by gravity filtration)provided 0.7 gm of yellow crystals (56%). The ¹H NMR spectrum wasidentical with spectra of compound (17) from previous runs that wererecrystallized from toluene, as described above.

Example 23

Scale-up of synthesis of(S)-(E,Z)-5-((4-chlorobenzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(17). Anhydrous LiBr (ca. 2.4 g, 7.6 mmol), and tri-n-butylphosphineoxide (6.0 g, 38 mmol) were quickly added to a 2 L 3 neck round bottomflask containing o-xylene (500 ml) that was outfitted with a 500 ml sidearm dropping funnel and reflux condenser with an argon gas inlet valveon top and a football stirring bar. The mixture was refluxed for 30minutes with stirring to azetrope off any water and to dissolve the LiBrby distilling off ca. 50 ml of the xylene. A solution of3-fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoyl azide (15) (90 g, 0.36 mol) and(S)(E,Z)-N-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-1-(oxiran-2-yl)methanamine (16) (72 g,0.368 mol) in o-xylene (400 ml) dissolved by warming to 35° C. withstirring in a 1 L Erlenmeyer flask (adding the epoxide to the Erlenmeyerflask initially assists the dissolution of benzoyl azide (15)) wasplaced in the dropping funnel and added to the refluxing reaction withstirring over 1 hr. As the solution of (15) and (16) was added thereaction solution turned golden brown and gas evolution was observed.(Caution not to add too rapidly due to the gas evolution). The reactionwas heated at reflux an additional 30 minutes, cooled in an ice bathwith stirring providing yellow crystals from the golden yellow-brownreaction. The mixture was stored overnight at −15° C. and the lightyellow crystals were collected by filtration and washed with cold (−20°C.) toluene (250 ml). Recrystallization of the air dried crystals (107g) from 1 L of toluene (filtered the refluxing mixture after addingCelite to remove a small quantity of insoluble material) and refluxingdown to a volume of 700 ml (allowing to cool to room temperature withstirring and then in an ice bath for 30 minutes) gave off white crystalsthat were collected by filtration and washed with cold toluene (89.2 g,59.3%). after drying in vacuo at 40° C. ¹H NMR spectrum identical withthat for the product described in the previous paragraph.

Example 24

(S)-N-[{3-[3-Fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methyl]acetamide:Linezolid (9). Alternate route from(S)-(E,Z)-5-((4-chlorobenzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(17). To a 100 ml rd bottom flask with a football stirring bar was added(17) (2.09 g, 5 mmol), methylene chloride (15 ml) and water (15 ml)followed by 12 N hydrochloric acid (0.84 ml, 10 mmol). The mixture wasrapidly stirred at room temp and within 15 minutes a two-phase clearsolution formed. The reaction was stirred for 45 minutes and the lowerorganic layer was discarded. The aqueous layer was washed withadditional methylene chloride (15 ml) and discarded. Methylene chloride(15 ml) was added to the aqueous layer and the two-phase solution wasneutralized with 2 N sodium hydroxide (ca. 4.5 ml) to pH 7 whilestirring the reaction in an ice bath. The ice bath was removed from thereaction flask and acetic anhydride (1.5 ml, 15 mmol) was added all atonce to the rapidly stirring solution and the mixture was stirred atroom temp for 10 minutes and was neutralized to pH 7 with 2 N sodiumhydroxide (ca. 5 ml). The organic layer was separated and the aqueouslayer was extracted with additional methylene chloride (2×15 ml). Thecombined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated in vacuo to asolid The solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate (dissolved in 35ml of refluxing EtOAc and refluxed to a volume of 20 ml). The crystalswere allowed to cool to ambient temperature and after 30 minutes cooledin an ice bath. The white crystals of 9 were collected by filtration anddried in vacuo at room temp (1.1 g, 65%) homogenous by TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH9:1) and LCMS (Method B) 5.71 min m/e 338. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.44 (dd, 1H, J=13.8 Hz, J=2.6 Hz), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J=8.8 Hz, J=2.6 Hz),6.93 (t, 1H, J=9 Hz), 6.1 (bt, 1H, J=6.1 Hz), 4.8 (m, 1H), 4.0 (t, 1H.J=8.9 Hz), 3.87 (t, 4H, J=4.5 Hz), 3.75 (dd, 1H, J=9.1 Hz, 6.8 Hz), 3.70(ddd, 1H, J=11.6 Hz, J=5.9 Hz, J=3.1 Hz), 3.62 (dt, 1H, J=14.7. J=6.0Hz), 3.05 (t, 4H, J=4.5 Hz), 2.02 (s, 3H); [α]²⁵ _(D) −13.0° (c=1.00,EtOH). An additional 480 mg of 9 was isolated from the filtrate as awhite crystalline solid.

Example 25

Scale-up of synthesis of(S)-N-[{3-[3-fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methyl]acetamide:Linezolid (9). To a 2 L 3 neck round bottom flask with overhead stirrerwas added water (425 ml), 12 N hydrochloric acid (34 ml, 408 mmol),methylene chloride (340 ml) and(S)-(E,Z)-5-((4-chlorobenzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(17) (85 g, 203.4 mmol) rinsed in with methylene chloride (85 ml). Themixture was rapidly stirred at room temp and within 30 minutes atwo-phase clear homogenous solution formed. The reaction was stirred for1 hour and the orange yellow lower organic layer was discarded. Thelemon yellow aqueous layer was washed with additional methylene chloride(200 ml) and the methylene chloride was discarded. Methylene chloride(425 ml) was added to the aqueous layer and the two phase solution wastransferred to a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, cooled in an ice bath andneutralized to ca. pH 7 with ice cold 6 N NaOH (ca. 45 ml) whilestirring the reaction in the ice bath. The reaction changed in colorfrom yellow to colorless and a white precipitate formed. The ice bathwas removed from the reaction flask and acetic anhydride (72 ml, 720mmol) was added all at once to the rapidly stirring mixture. The mixturewas vigorously stirred at room temp for 1 hour yielding a light yellowclear 2-layer solution. The solution was cooled in an ice bath and madebasic (ca. pH 9) with 6 N sodium hydroxide. The lower organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional methylenechloride (3×100 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄) andevaporated (bath temp 25° C.) to a volume of ca. 400 ml. The lightyellow solution crystallized to a thick mass of white crystals that wasdiluted with refluxing ethyl acetate (250 ml) and the slurry was pouredinto a stirring refluxing solution of ethyl acetate (800 ml) (totalvolume 1600 ml) that was refluxed down to a volume of 1 L. An additional500 ml of hot ethyl acetate was added and concentrated by refluxing to avolume of 1 L with stirring. TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH 9:1) of therecrystallization mixture showed pure product. The flask was stirred atroom temp overnight and cooled in an ice bath for 30 minutes before thewhite crystals of (9) were collected by filtration, air dried and driedin vacuo at 35° C. (57.7 g, 84%) homogenous by TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH 9:1,R_(f)=0.54) and LCMS (Method B) 5.71 min m/e 338. ¹H NMR spectrumidentical with that for the product described in the previous paragraph;[α]²⁵ _(D) −13.6° (c=1.00, EtOH). Chiral chromatography: Retention time12.97 min (100%)>98% ee) (m/e 338) chromatogram showed undetectablelevels of the R enantiomer which has a Retention time of 14.44 min).

Example 26

Scale-up of synthesis of(S)-N-[{3-[3-fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methyl]acetamide:Linezolid (9). Alternative procedure. To a 2 L 3 neck round bottom flaskwith overhead stirrer was added water (500 ml), 12 N hydrochloric acid(40 ml, 480 mmol), methylene chloride (400 ml) and(S)-(E,Z)-5-((4-chlorobenzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(17) (100 g, 239 mmol) rinsed in with methylene chloride (100 ml) Themixture was rapidly stirred at room temp and within 30 minutes atwo-phase clear homogenous solution formed. The reaction was stirred for1 hour and the orange yellow lower organic layer was discarded. Thelemon yellow aqueous layer was washed with additional methylene chloride(250 ml) and the methylene chloride was discarded. Methylene chloride(500 ml) was added to the aqueous layer and the two phase solution wastransferred to a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, cooled in an ice bath andneutralized to ca. pH 7 with ice cold 6 N NaOH (ca. 50 ml) whilestirring the reaction in an ice bath. The reaction changed in color fromyellow to colorless and a white precipitate formed that went back intosolution with continued stirring. The ice bath was removed from thereaction flask and acetic anhydride (72 ml, 720 mmol) was added all atonce to the rapidly stirring solution. The mixture was stirred at roomtemp for 15 minutes, cooled in an ice bath and made basic (ca. pH 9)with 6 N sodium hydroxide (ca. 350 ml). The lower organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional methylenechloride (3×150 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄) andevaporated (bath temp 25° C.) to a volume of ca. 400 ml. The lightyellow solution was slowly added to a stirring refluxing solution ofethyl acetate (800 ml) and refluxed down to a volume of 800 ml. Hotethyl acetate was added to a volume of 1800 ml and the milky solutionwas treated with Celite (caution to avoid foaming) filtered andconcentrated by refluxing to a volume of 1100 ml with stirring. Crystalsstarted forming in the refluxing solution at a volume of ca. 1250 ml.The flask was stirred at room temp overnight and cooled in an ice bathfor 30 minutes before the white crystals of (9) were collected byfiltration, air dried and dried in vacuo at room temp (62.1 g, 77%)homogenous by TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH 9:1, Rf=0.54) and LCMS (Method B) 5.71min m/e 338. All analytical and spectral data for this compound wereidentical with those described previously herein.

Example 27

(S)(E,Z)-1-(4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol (18).4-Chlorobenzaldehyde (7.85 g, 56 mmol), ethanol (25 ml) and conc NH₄OH(5 g, 86 mmol) were added to a 100 ml rd bottom flask with footballstirring bar. (S)-Epichlorohydrin (5 g, 4.25 ml, 54 mmol) (TCI America,Lot: AZR7B, min 98% purity) was added and the colorless reactionsolution was heated at 40° C. (bath temp) for 6 hr with stirring andallowed to stand at room temp overnight. The reaction solution wasdiluted with methylene chloride (150 ml) and brine (125 ml). The organiclayer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with additionalmethylene chloride (50 ml). The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (75 ml), dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to dryness yielding acolorless oil that was crystallized from hexane (9.0 g, 72%). GCMSRetention time 10.03 min (m/e 232).

Example 28

(S)(E,Z)-1-(4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol (18).Alternative procedure. 4-Chlorobenzaldehyde (15.7 gm 112 mmol), methanol(50 ml) and conc NH₄OH (10 g, 172 mmol) were added to a 250 ml roundbottom flask with football stirring bar. (S)-Epichlorohydrin (10 g, 8.5ml, 108 mmol) (Atlantic SciTech Group, Inc) (98% purity) was added andthe colorless reaction solution was heated at 40° C. (bath temp) for 6hr with stirring and allowed to stand at room temp overnight. GCMSanalysis of the reaction solution indicated complete reaction. Thereaction solution was diluted with methylene chloride (100 ml) and brine(75 ml). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extractedwith additional methylene chloride (25 ml). The combined organic layerwas washed with brine (50 ml), dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to a whitecrystalline solid. (In previous runs initially isolated as an oil thatwas seeded). The crystals were treated with hexane (30 ml), cooledovernight at −15° C. and collected by filtration, air dried and thendried in a vacuum oven for 3 hours at room temp (19.5 g, 75%); ¹H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, 2H, J=8.5 Hz)), 7.52 (d, 2H,J=8.5 Hz), 5.29 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 3.94 (dd, 1H, J=13 Hz, J=6.1 Hz),3.25 (br ddd, 1H, J=6.5 Hz, J=3.5 Hz, J=2.8 Hz), 2.65 (dd, 1H, J=5 Jz,J=2.6 Hz), 2.77 (dd, 1H, J=5 Hz, J=4.1 Hz); GCMS Retention time 10.03min (m/e 232).

Example 29

Scale-up of the synthesis of(S)(E,Z)-1-(4-chlorobenzylideneamino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol (18).4-Chlorobenzaldehyde (157 g 1.12 mol), ethanol (500 ml) and conc NH₄OH(100 g, 1.72 mol) were added to a 2 L round bottom flask with footballstirring bar. (S)-Epichlorohydrin (100 g, 85 ml, 1.08 mol) (AtlanticSciTech Group, Inc) (98% purity) was added and the colorless reactionsolution was heated at 40° C. (bath temp) for 6 hr with stirring andallowed to stand at room temp overnight. GCMS analysis of the reactionsolution indicated complete reaction. The reaction solution was dilutedwith methylene chloride (1 L) and brine (700 ml). The organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous layer extracted with additional methylenechloride (250 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (500ml), dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to a white crystalline solid. (Note:In previous smaller runs initially isolated as an oil that was seeded).The crystals were treated with hexane (200 ml), cooled in an ice bathand collected by filtration and washed with 50 ml of cold (−20° C.)hexane, air dried and then dried in a vacuum oven for 3 hours at roomtemp (165 g, 66%); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d,2H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.52 (d, 2H, J=8.5 Hz), 5.29 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 3.94 (dd,1H, J=13 Hz, J=6.1 Hz), 3.25 (br ddd, 1H, J=6.5 Hz, J=3.5 Hz, J=2.8 Hz),2.65 (dd, 1H, J=5 Jz, J=2.6 Hz), 2.77 (dd, 1H, J=5 Hz, J=4.1 Hz); GCMSRetention time 10.03 min (m/e 232).

Example 30

(S)(E,Z)-N-4-Chlorobenzylidene-1-(oxiran-2-yl)methanamine (16).(S)(E,Z)-1-(4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol (18) (8.9 g,38.4 mmol), reagent grade methanol (250 ml) and anhydrous K₂CO₃ (10.5 g,76.7 mmol) were added to a 500 ml rd bottom flask with football stirrer.The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously. After 2 hrs GCMS showedcomplete conversion to the epoxide (Small aliquot removed from thereaction, diluted with an equal volume of CH₃CN, filtered thrudisposable pipette with a cotton plug) Retention time 8.95 min, m/e 194.The colorless reaction was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (150 ml) and brine (100ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with additional CH₂Cl₂ (75 ml). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (3×75 ml), dried (MgSO₄)and evaporated (bath temp 45° C.) to a colorless oil (6.9 g, 92%); ¹HNMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz)), 7.53 (d,2H, J=8.2 Hz), 3.89 (ddd, 1H, J=13 Hz, J=3.5 Hz, J=1.6 Hz), 3.55 (ddd,1H, J=13 Hz, J=6.1 Hz, J=1.3 Hz), 3.25 (br ddd, 1H, J=6.5 Hz, J=3.5 Hz,J=2.8 Hz), 2.65 (dd, 1H, J=5 Jz, J=2.6 Hz), 2.77 (dd, 1H, J=5 Hz, J=4.1Hz); GCMS Retention time 8.95 min (m/e 194).

Example 31

Scale-up of synthesis of(S)(E,Z)-N-4-chlorobenzylidene-1-(oxiran-2-yl)methanamine (16).(S)(E,Z)-1-(4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol (18) (163 g,0.7 mol), reagent grade methanol (1.5 L) and anhydrous K₂CO₃ (193 g, 1.4mol) were added to a 3 L 3 neck round bottom flask with overheadstirrer. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously. After 2 hrs GCMSshowed complete conversion to the epoxide (small aliquot removed fromthe reaction, diluted with an equal volume of CH₃CN, filtered throughdisposable pipette with a cotton plug). The colorless reaction wasdiluted with CH₂Cl₂ (1 L), brine (800 ml) and water (200 ml). Theaqueous layer was extracted with additional CH₂Cl₂ (250 ml). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (4×200 ml), dried (MgSO₄)and evaporated (bath temp 45° C.) to a colorless oil (136 g,quantitative); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, 2H,J=8.2 Hz)), 7.53 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 3.89 (ddd, 1H, J=13 Hz, J=3.5 Hz,J=1.6 Hz), 3.55 (ddd, 1H, J=13 Hz, J=6.1 Hz, J=1.3 Hz), 3.25 (br ddd,1H, J=6.5 Hz, J=3.5 Hz, J=2.8 Hz), 2.65 (dd, 1H, J=5 Jz, J=2.6 Hz), 2.77(dd, 1H, J=5 Hz, J=4.1 Hz); GCMS Retention time 8.98 min (m/e 194).

Example 32

(S)-5-(Chloromethyl)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-oxazolinone.Anhydrous LiBr (345 mg, 4 mmol), and tri-n-butylphosphine oxide (980 mg,4.5 mmol) were quickly added to a 250 ml 3 neck round bottom flaskcontaining o-xylene (65 ml) that was outfitted with a 125 ml side armdropping funnel and reflux condenser with an argon inlet valve on topand a football stirring bar. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minuteswith stirring to dissolve the LiBr by distilling off a few mls of thexylene. A solution of freshly prepared3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenylisocyanate (14.6 g, 66 mmol) and (S)epichlorohydrin (6 g, 5.0 ml, 66 mmol) (Atlantic SciTech Group, Inc)(98% purity) in o-xylene (35 ml) was placed in the dropping funnel andadded to the reaction that had just been removed from the oil bath withstirring at such a rate that the reaction resumed refluxing. Aftercomplete addition, the light pink-brown reaction (that contained a smallamount of insoluble material) was placed back in the oil bath and heatedat reflux an additional 45 minutes, cooled to room temperature andfiltered through fluted filter paper into a dropping funnel. The lightbrown solution was added in a slow stream to a stirring solution ofhexane (500 ml). The resulting precipitate turned into a semi solid thatsolidified to an off-white crystalline solid after stirring overnight atroom temperature. The solid was collected by filtration, washed withhexane and air dried (15.9 g, 77%). Recrystallization from 95% ethanol(150 ml) provided a light pink crystalline solid (12.85 g, 62%) afterdrying in vacuo at 55° C. LCMS: Retention time 8.16 min (85.3%) (m/e315, MH+), 8.42 min (14.7%) (m/e 361, MH+ for the bromomethyl analog).¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.44 (dd, 1H, J=2.6 Hz, J=14.3 Hz), 7.14 (ddd,1H, J=8.9 Hz, J=2.5 Hz, J=1.0 Hz), 6.95 (t, 1H, J=9.1 Hz), 4.84 (m, 1H),4.13 (t, 1H, J=4.25 Hz), 3.92 (dd, 1H, J=5.65 Hz, J=9.1 Hz), 3.87 (t,4H, J=4.6 Hz), 3.79 (dd, 1H, J=4.0 Hz, J=11.65 Hz), 3.75 (dd, 1H, J=6.6Hz, J=11.65), 3.06 (t, 4H, J=4.6 Hz).

Example 33

(S)-5-(Azidomethyl)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-oxazolinone.(S)-5-(Chloromethyl)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-oxazolinone(9.88 g, 30.7 mmol), sodium azide (6.5 g, 100 mmol) anddimethylformamide (150 ml) were combined in a 500 ml round bottom flaskwith football stirring bar under argon and heated in an oil bath at 90°C. for 15 hrs. The light pink reaction mixture was cooled to roomtemperature and diluted with ethyl acetate (200 ml) and brine (200 ml).The lower organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extractedwith additional ethyl acetate (50 ml). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine (3×100 ml), dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to a lightcolored oil. The oil was diluted with ethanol (75 ml) resulting in theformation of a mass of white crystals. The crystals were cooled in anice bath and were collected by filtration washing with cold ethanolproviding 7.97 g (82%) of the title azide after drying in a vacuum ovenat 50° C. LCMS: Retention time 8.15 min (100%) (m/e 322, MH+). ¹H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.44 (dd, 1H, J=2.6 Hz, J=14.3 Hz), 7.13 (ddd, 1H,J=0.7 Hz, J=2.6 Hz, J=8.8 Hz), 6.94 (t, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 4.77 (m, 1H),4.05 (t, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 3.87 (t, 4H, J=4.6 Hz), 3.82 (dd, 1H, J=6.2 Hz,J=8.9 Hz), 3.70 (dd, 1H, J=4.5 Hz, J=13.2 Hz), 3.59 (dd, 1H, J=4.5 Hz,J=13.2 Hz), 3.06 (t, 4H, J=4.7 Hz).

Example 34

(R)-N-[[3-(3-Fluoro-4-morpholinylphenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methyl]acetamide,(R)-Linezolid.(S)-5-(Azidomethyl)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-oxazolinone(7.8 g, 24.3 mmol) and thioacetic acid (20 ml) were combined in a 100 mlround bottom flask with stirring bar, fitted with a glass stopper andthe resulting light yellow solution was stirred for 15 hrs at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture, containing a white precipitate, waswarmed in a 50° C. water bath and a stream of nitrogen was blown intothe reaction mixture with stirring until the solvent was removed. Thewhite precipitate was treated with ethyl acetate (20 ml) and the mixturewas heated to reflux and an equal volume of refluxing hexane was added.The crystalline mixture was cooled in an ice bath and the white solidwas collected by filtration and washed with cold ethyl acetate:hexane(1:1) (6.5 gm, 79%). Recrystallized by dissolving in refluxing ethylacetate (175 ml) and refluxed down to a volume of 75 ml with stirring.At a volume of ˜150 ml white crystals started to form. The crystallinemixture was cooled in an ice bath and the shiny light pink crystals werecollected by filtration and washed with cold ethyl acetate-hexane (1:1)(5.4 g, 66%) after drying in a vacuum oven at 50° C. ¹HNMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.24 (t, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 7.49 (dd, 1H, J=15.0 Hz, J=2.6 Hz),7.17 (dd, 1H, J=8.8 Hz, J=2.3 Hz), 7.06 (t, 1H, J=9.5 Hz), 4.70 (m, 1H),4.08 (t, 1H. J=9.0 Hz), 3.74 (t, 4H, J=4.5 Hz), 3.70 (dd, 1H, J=10.6 Hz,6.4 Hz), 3.40 (t, 1H, J=5.5 Hz), 2.96 (t, 4H, J=4.6 Hz), 1.83 (s, 3H).Chiral chromatography: Retention time 13.2 min (5%) (m/e 338, MH+ for(S)-Linezolid), 14.05 min (95%) (m/e 338, MH+ for (R)-Linezolid), ee90%. Chiral chromatography was carried out as follows: Column: ChiralcelOJ (Lot No. 168-053-40615) (Daicel Chemical Indust.) 250×4.6 mmCellulose-tris (4-methylbenzoate) coated with 10 um silica gel; SolventsA and B are as described under the “General” Example above; Method: Time0 min: 20% B, Time 60 min 100% B, Gradient elution flow rate 1.00ml/min.

Example 35

(S)-N-[3-(3-Fluoro-4-morpholinylphenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methylaminehydrochloride monoalcoholate.(S)-(E,Z)-5-((4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(17 gm, 40.45 mmol), was added to a two phase solution of methylenechloride (85 ml), water (85 ml) and 12 N HC (7 ml) in a 500 ml roundbottom flask with football stirring bar. The reaction mixture wasrapidly stirred at room temperature forming a two-phase solution. After30 minutes the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer wasextracted with methylene chloride (2×30 ml). The aqueous layer wasbasified to pH 8 to 9 with 10% aq. NaOH and cooled in an ice bathyielding white crystals. The crystals were collected by filtration andwashed with cold water (2×25 ml). The crystals were air dried a fewminutes on a Buchner funnel and were converted to the hydrochloride saltby dissolving in ethanol (700 ml) containing 10 N ethanolic HCl (10 ml),refluxing down to 200 ml yielding a mass of white crystals. The crystalswere cooled in an ice bath, collected by filtration and washed with coldethanol (12.0 gm, 89.5%) after drying in the vacuum oven at 50° C. LCMS:Retention time 4.69 min (100%) m/e 296 (MH⁺), 613 ([2M+Na]⁺). ¹HNMR (500MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.36 (br s, 3), 7.49 (dd, 1H, J=2.55 Hz, J=14.95 Hz),7.18 (dd, 1H, J=2.0 Hz, J=8.8 Hz), 7.07 (t, 1H, J=9.1), 4.94 (m, 1H),4.16 (t, 1H, J=9.15 Hz), 3.85 (dd, 1H, J=6.6 Hz, J=9.23 Hz), 3.74 (t,4H, J=4.6 Hz), 3.70 (br s, 6H), 3.44 (1EtOH CH₂, 2H, 7.0 Hz), 3.23 (m,2H), 2.97 (t, 4H, J=4.6 Hz), 1.05 (1EtOH CH₃, 3 H, J=7.0 Hz).

Example 36

Recrystallization of linezolid (9) from ethyl acetate and hexane.Linezolid was recrystallized using a procedure similar to the onedescribed by Brickner, S. J., et al., J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39, 673-679.Thus, linezolid (1.05 g) was dissolved in refluxing ethyl acetate(utilizing a boiling stick) (25 ml) (required this amount of solvent toobtain a homogeneous clear colorless solution) and refluxing hexane (12ml) was added all at once yielding a clear gently boiling solution.Within 30 seconds shiny white crystals started to form in the refluxingsolution. The mixture was stirred and the Erlenmeyer flask filled withwhite fluffy crystals over ca. a minute or two. The flask was allowed tostand and slowly cool to room temperature over 30 minutes. The crystalswere collected by filtration, washed with room temperature ethylacetate:hexane (1:1) (10 ml), air dried in the Buchner funnel for 15minutes and then in the vacuum oven for 1.5 hour at 35° C. (0.96 g).

The following publications, and each additional publication citedherein, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

-   CN 101220001.-   Heteroatom Chem 2008, 19, 316-9.-   Tetrahedron Letters 2008, 49, 3060-62.-   WO 200711684.-   Tetrahedron Letters 2006, 47, 6799-680.-   WO 2006091848.-   WO 2006091731.-   IN 2001MA00519.-   WO 2006008754.-   WO 2005099353.-   Tetrahedron Letters 1999, 40, 4855-6.-   WO 9924393.-   Fujisaki, F.; Abe, N.; Sumoto, K. Heterocycles 2008, 75, 1681-1694.-   Sridhar, R.; Perumal, P. T. Syn. Comm. 2003, 33, 607-611.-   Brickner, S. J., et al., J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39, 673-679.-   Maccaroni, E., et al., Inter. J. Pharmaceutics, 2008, 351, 144-151.-   WO 2001057035.

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for preparing linezolid or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the process comprising: (a)mixing 3-fluoro-4-(morpholino)benzoyl azide with an oxirane of theformula,

in the presence of catalytic amounts of anhydrous lithium bromide andtri-n-butylphosphine oxide to prepare a compound of the formula A,

or a salt thereof; wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl; followedby (b) mixing a compound of the formula A in the presence of an acid toprepare a compound of formula B,

or a salt thereof; and followed by (c) mixing a compound of the formulaB with an acetic anhydride to prepare a compound of formula C,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. The process of claim1, wherein step (a) is carried out in the presence of o-xylene.
 3. Theprocess of claim 2, wherein step (a) is carried out at reflux.
 4. Theprocess of claim 2, wherein step (a) is carried out under an inertatmosphere.
 5. The process of claim 4, wherein the inert atmosphere isan argon atmosphere.
 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the acid in step(b) is aqueous hydrochloric acid.
 7. The process of claim 1, wherein theacid in step (b) is mixed in the presence of a solvent.
 8. The processof claim 7, wherein the solvent is dichloromethane.
 9. The process ofclaim 1, wherein the acid in step (b) is mixed in a 1:1 ratio ofdichloromethane and water.
 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the acidin step (b) is mixed at room temperature.
 11. The process of claim 1,wherein step (c) is carried out in a two-phase solution.
 12. The processof claim 11, wherein the two-phase solution comprises dichloromethane.13. The process of claim 11, wherein step (c) is carried out at a pH ofabout
 7. 14. The process of claim 1, wherein Ar is phenyl.
 15. Theprocess of claim 1, wherein Ar is 4-chlorophenyl.
 16. The process ofclaim 1, further comprising crystallizing the compound of formula C. 17.The process of claim 16, wherein the crystallizing is carried out in thepresence of ethyl acetate.
 18. The process of claim 16, wherein thecrystallizing comprises cooling a crystallization mixture in an icebath.
 19. The process of claim 1, wherein step (b) comprises quenchingwith aqueous sodium hydroxide.
 20. The process of claim 1, wherein step(c) comprises quenching with aqueous sodium hydroxide.